| The humanist movement of the 1950s
can be the beginning also of the post-modern typography.
A notable figure of this group is Hermann Zapf who designed
two typefaces which remain one of the favorite ones
even today - Palatino (1948) and Optima (1952). His
fonts already had a modern touch even if they contained
a core of mixture between serif and sans-serif. He is
also the creator of many other typefaces: AldusT (1954),
AureliaT (1983), EdisonT (1978), KompaktT (1954), MarconiT
(1976), Medici ScriptT (1971), MeliorT (1952), Noris
ScriptT (1976), OptimaT (1958), OptimaT nova (2002),
OrionT (1974), PalatinoT (1950), SaphirT (1953), SistinaT
(1950), VarioT (1982), VentureT (1969), Linotype Zapf
EssentialsT (2002), ZapfinoT (1998), Zapfino ExtraT
(2003), ITC Zapf Chancery® (1979) ITC Zapf International®
(1976), ITC Zapf Book® (1976), Zapf Renaissance
AntiquaT (1984-1987), ITC Zapf Dingbats® (1978).
The next important point in the course
of graphic design is the year 1964,
when the First things first Manifesto
was published. This was a call to a different form of
graphic design criticizing the non-value
design. "We, the undersigned, are graphic
designers, photographers and students who have
been brought up in a world in which the techniques and
apparatus of advertising have persistently been presented
to us as the most lucrative, effective and desirable
means of using our talents. We have been bombarded with
publications devoted to this belief, applauding the
work of those who have flogged their skill and imagination
to sell such things as: cat food, stomach powders, detergent,
hair restorer, striped toothpaste, aftershave lotion,
before shave lotion, slimming diets, fattening diets,
deodorants, fizzy water, cigarettes, roll-ons, pull-ons
and slip-ons. (.) we are proposing a reversal of priorities
in favor of the more useful and more lasting forms
of communication. We hope that our society will tire
of gimmick merchants, status salesmen and hidden persuaders,
and that the prior call on our skills will be for worthwhile
purposes. With this in mind we propose to share our
experience and opinions, and to make them available
to colleagues, students and others who may be interested."
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